Published & Unpublished Studies - All

Studies of Training

Results on Memory

Study: Brain plasticity and functional losses in the aged: scientific bases for a novel intervention.
Publication: Progress in Brain Research
Investigators: Mahncke HW, Bronstone A, Merzenich MM
Research Institution: Posit Science		Study Size: 72
Results/Implications: Older individuals in classroom settings show significant improvements in untrained assessments after Posit Science training.
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: Healthy aging

Study: Memory enhancement in healthy older adults using a brain plasticity-based training program: a randomized, controlled study.
Publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Investigators: Mahncke HW, Connor BB, Appelman J, Ahsanuddin ON, Hardy JL, Wood RA, Joyce NM, Boniske T, Atkins SM, Merzenich MM
Research Institution: Posit Science		Study Size: 161
Results/Implications: Older individuals in home settings show significant improvements in untrained assessments after Posit Science training.
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords:Healthy aging

Results on UFOV Performance

Study: Age and visual search: expanding the useful field of view
Publication: Journal of the Optical Society of America
Investigators: Ball KK, Beard BL, Roenker DL, Miller RL, Griggs DS
Research Institution: Western Kentucky University		Study Size: 24
Results/Implications: Older individuals who use Posit Science training improve UFOV perforance to levels closer to those of younger people.
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: UFOV

Study: Effects of cognitive training interventions with older adults: a randomized controlled trial.
Publication: Journal of the American Medical Association
Investigators: Ball K, Berch DB, Helmers KF, Jobe JB, Leveck MD, Marsiske M, Morris JN, Rebok GW, Smith DM, Tennstedt SL, Unverzagt FW, Willis SL; Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly Study Group.
Research Institution: University of Alabama at Birmingham		Study Size: 2,832
Results/Implications: Healthy older adults improve on train-to-task speed of processing measures with Posit Science training.
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: UFOV

Results on TIADL and HRQoL

Study: Transfer of a speed of processing intervention to near and far cognitive functions.
Publication: Gerontology
Investigators: Edwards JD, Wadley VG, Myers RS, Roenker DL, Cissell GM, Ball KK.
Research Institution: Center for Research on Applied Gerontology, University of Alabama at Birmingham		Study Size: 91
Results/Implications: Posit Science training improves performance on timed instrumental activities of daily living
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: TIADL, UFOV

Study: The impact of speed of processing training on cognitive and everyday functions.
Publication: The Journals of Gerontology
Investigators: Ball K, Edwards JD, Ross LA
Research Institution: Edward R. Roybal Center for Translational Reseach on Aging and Mobility, University of Alabama at Birmingham		Study Size: 126
Results/Implications: Posit Science training improves performance on timed instrumental activities of daily living
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: TIADL, UFOV

Study: Long-term effects of cognitive training on everyday functional outcomes in older adults.
Publication: Journal of the American Medical Association
Investigators: Willis SL, Tennstedt SL, Marsiske M, Ball K, Elias J, Koepke KM, Morris JN, Rebok GW, Unverzagt FW, Stoddard AM, Wright E; ACTIVE Study Group
Research Institution: Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University		Study Size:
Results/Implications: Posit Science training provides protection from decline in instrumental activites of daily living at five-year follow up.
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: TIADL, UFOV, ACTIVE study

Study: The effects of the ACTIVE cognitive training trial on clinically relevant declines in health-related quality of life.
Publication: The Journals of Gerontology
Investigators: Wolinsky FD, Unverzagt FW, Smith DM, Jones R, Wright E, Tennstedt SL
Research Institution: University of Iowa		Study Size: 2,802
Results/Implications: Posit Science training reduces the risk of serious declines in health related quality of life.
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: ACTIVE Study, UFOV, HRQoL

Study: The ACTIVE cognitive training trial and health-related quality of life: protection that lasts for 5 years.l.
Publication: The Journals of Gerontology
Investigators: Wolinsky FD, Unverzagt FW, Smith DM, Jones R, Stoddard A, Tennstedt SL.
Research Institution: VA Iowa City Health Care System		Study Size: 2,802
Results/Implications: Posit Science training provides health related quality of life protection is seen at five-year follow up.
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: ACTIVE Study, UFOV, HRQoL

Results on Driving Performance

Study: Speed-of-processing and driving simulator training result in improved driving performance.
Publication: Human Factors
Investigators: Roenker DL, Cissell GM, Ball KK, Wadley VG, Edwards JD.
Research Institution: Western Kentucky University		Study Size: 95
Results/Implications: Posit Science training reduces dangerous driving maneuvers in real-world driving tests; Posit Science trained drivers traveling at 55 m.p.h. stop 22 ft. sooner.
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: UFOV, Driving

Results on Brain Imaging

Study: The neural correlates of an expanded functional field of view.
Publication: The Journals of Gerontology
Investigators: Scalf PE, Colcombe SJ, McCarley JS, Erickson KI, Alvarado M, Kim JS, Wadhwa RP, Kramer AF.
Research Institution: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign		Study Size: 45
Results/Implications: Posit Science training improves activation of numerous brain regions.
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: UFOV, Biomarkers

Meta-Analyses

Study: The impact of speed of processing training on cognitive and everyday functions.
Publication: The Journals of Gerontology
Investigators: Ball K, Edwards JD, Ross LA.
Research Institution: Edward R. Roybal Center for Translational Reseach on Aging and Mobility, University of Alabama at Birmingham		Study Size: 613
Results/Implications: Analysis of six independent studies confirms Posit Science training provides a number of benefits.
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: UFOV, TIADL

Studies of Assessment

Results on Driving Risk

Study: Alabama Senior Driver Study
Publication:
Investigators: Ball K, Roenker D
Research Institution: University of Alabama, Birmingham		Study Size:
Results/Implications: The main study objective is to determine the effect of Posit Science training on crash risk.
Status: Ongoing	Abstract:	Keywords: Driving, UFOV

Study: Visual/cognitive correlates of vehicle accidents in older drivers.
Publication: Psychology and Aging
Investigators: Owsley C, Ball K, Sloane ME, Roenker DL, Bruni JR.
Research Institution: University of Alabama, Birmingham		Study Size: 53
Results/Implications: Posit Science program predicts crash risk; poor-performers are fifteen times more likely to crash in an intersection.
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: UFOV, Driving

Study: Visual attention problems as a predictor of vehicle crashes in older drivers.
Publication: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
Investigators: Ball K, Owsley C, Sloane ME, Roenker DL, Bruni JR
Research Institution: Western Kentucky University		Study Size: 294
Results/Implications: Posit Science program can successfully predict drivers' crash history.
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: UFOV, Driving

Study: Visual processing impairment and risk of motor vehicle crash among older adults.
Publication: Journal of the American Medical Association
Investigators: Owsley C, Ball K, McGwin G Jr, Sloane ME, Roenker DL, White MF, Overley ET
Research Institution: University of Alabama, Birmingham		Study Size: 294
Results/Implications: Posit Science program can predict crash risk; poor performers are 2.2 times more likely to crash.
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: UFOV, Driving

Study: Exploratory study of incident vehicle crashes among older drivers.
Publication: The Journals of Gerontology
Investigators: Sims RV, McGwin G Jr, Allman RM, Ball K, Owsley C.
Research Institution: University of Alabama, Birmingham		Study Size: 174
Results/Implications: Posit Science program can predict crash risk; poor performers are 1.9 times more likely to crash.
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: UFOV, Driving

Study: MaryPODS revisited: updated crash analysis and implications for screening program implementation.
Publication: Journal of Safety Research
Investigators: Staplin L, Gish KW, Wagner EK.
Research Institution: TransAnalytics, LLC		Study Size: 1,876
Results/Implications: Posit Science program can predict crash risk.
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: UFOV, Driving

Study: Can high-risk older drivers be identified through performance-based measures in a Department of Motor Vehicles setting?
Publication: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
Investigators: Ball KK, Roenker DL, Wadley VG, Edwards JD, Roth DL, McGwin G Jr, Raleigh R, Joyce JJ, Cissell GM, Dube T
Research Institution: University of Alabama at Birmingham, Edward R. Roybal Center for Translational Research on Aging and Mobility		Study Size: 2,114
Results/Implications: Posit Science program and a history of falls predict crash risk; poor performance on Posit Program predicts drivers are two times more likely to crash.
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: UFOV, Driving, Mobility

Study: A prospective, population-based study of the role of visual impairment in motor vehicle crashes among older drivers: the SEE study.
Publication: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
Investigators: GS, Ng ES, Bandeen-Roche K, Keyl PM, Freeman EE, West SK
Research Institution: Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London		Study Size: 1,801
Results/Implications: Poor performance on Posit Science program were more than twice as likely to have been involved in a crash in a four year period.
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: UFOV, Driving

Study: Cumulative meta-analysis of the relationship between useful field of view and driving performance in older adults: current and future implications.
Publication: Optometry and Vision Science
Investigators: Clay OJ, Wadley VG, Edwards JD, Roth DL, Roenker DL, Ball KK
Research Institution: University of Alabama at Birmingham		Study Size:
Results/Implications: Meta-analysis of eight studies confirms relationship between poor performance on Posit Science program and poor driving outcomes.
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: UFOV, Driving

Study: Relation of useful field of view and other screening tests to on-road driving performance.
Publication: Perceptual and Motor Skills
Investigators: Myers RS, Ball KK, Kalina TD, Roth DL, Goode KT
Research Institution: University of Alabama at Birmingham		Study Size: 43
Results/Implications: Posit Science program performance predicts pass/fail of driving test better than other visual and cognitive measures.
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: UFOV, Driving

Study: Predictors of driving exposure and avoidance in a field study of older drivers from the state of Maryland.
Publication: Accident; Analysis and Prevention
Investigators: Vance DE, Roenker DL, Cissell GM, Edwards JD, Wadley VG, Ball KK
Research Institution: Center for Translational Research on Aging and Mobility, University of Alabama at Birmingham		Study Size: 4,234
Results/Implications: Decreased cognitive fucntioning is associated with decreased driving, more so than health or physical functioning.
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: UFOV, Driving

Study: Risk of falls and motor vehicle collisions in glaucoma.
Publication: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
Investigators: Haymes SA, Leblanc RP, Nicolela MT, Chiasson LA, Chauhan BC
Research Institution: Dalhousie University		Study Size: 48
Results/Implications: Individuals with impaired UFOV were over 10 times more likely to have self-reported crashes.
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: UFOV, Driving

Study: Identifying crash involvement among older drivers: agreement between self-report and state records.
Publication: Accident; Analysis and Prevention
Investigators: McGwin G Jr, Owsley C, Ball K
Research Institution: University of Alabama at Birmingham		Study Size: 278
Results/Implications: Posit Science program predicts crash risk in self-reported and state-recorded data.
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: UFOV, Driving

Results on Mobility

Study: Divided visual attention as a predictor of bumping while walking: the Salisbury Eye Evaluation.
Publication: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
Investigators: Broman AT, West SK, Muñoz B, Bandeen-Roche K, Rubin GS, Turano KA
Research Institution: The Johns Hopkins University		Study Size: 1504
Results/Implications: Posit Science program predicts the number of bumps while walking.
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: UFOV, Mobility

Study: Predictors of falling in older Maryland drivers: a structural-equation model.
Publication: Journal of Aging and Physical Activity
Investigators: Vance DE, Ball KK, Roenker DL, Wadley VG, Edwards JD, Cissell GM
Research Institution: University of Alabama at Birmingham		Study Size: 694
Results/Implications: Poor performance on Posit Science program is significantly related to falls.
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: UFOV, Mobility

Study: Association between visual attention and mobility in older adults.
Publication: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
Investigators: Owsley C, McGwin G Jr.
Research Institution: University of Alabama at Birmingham		Study Size: 42
Results/Implications: Poor performance on Posit Science program is significantly related por performance on mobility assessments.
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: UFOV, Mobility

Results on Brain Injury

Study: Acquired brain injury, visual attention, and the useful field of view test: A pilot study.
Publication: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Investigators: Calvanio R, Williams R, Burke DT, Mello J, Lepak P, Al-Adawi S, Shah MK
Research Institution: Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston		Study Size: 15
Results/Implications: Poor performance on Posit Science program associated with poor performance on six measures of visual attention.
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: UFOV, Brain Injury

Study: Useful field of view after traumatic brain injury.
Publication: The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation
Investigators: Fisk GD, Novack T, Mennemeier M, Roenker D
Research Institution: Georgia Southwestern State University		Study Size: 23
Results/Implications: Individuals with traumatic brain injury were over five times more likely to perform poorly on the Posit Science program.
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: UFOV, Brain Injury

Study: UFOV performance and driving ability following traumatic brain injury.
Publication: Brain Injury
Investigators: Novack TA, Baños JH, Alderson AL, Schneider JJ, Weed W, Blankenship J, Salisbury D
Research Institution: University of Alabama at Birmingham		Study Size: 60
Results/Implications: Individuals with traumatic brain injury were over five times more likely to perform poorly on the Posit Science program.
Status: Complete	Abstract: Pubmed Link	Keywords: UFOV, Brain Injury

Studies on Healthy Aging

Study: Improvement in Memory with Plasticity-based Adaptive Cognitive Training (IMPACT)
Presentation: Presented at The Gerontological Society of America 60th Annual Scientific Meeting
Investigators: Smith G, Zelinski E
Research Institution: Mayo Clinic, University of Southern California	Study Size: 524
Results/Implications: Poor performance on Posit Science program associated with poor performance on six measures of visual attention.
Status: Complete	Keywords: Healthy aging
Study Materials: Poster, Abstract, Study design, Study results

Study: Age-Related Declines in Sequencing Frequency Modulated Tone Sweeps
Presentation: Presented at the Society for Neuroscience October 2006
Investigators: Trujillo M, Chan S, Wade T, Hardy J, Brenner D, Manhcke HW, Merzenich M
Research Institution: Posit Science	Study Size: 180
Results/Implications:
Status: Complete	Keywords: Healthy aging
Study Materials: Poster

Study: Token Test Study
Presentation: Presented at Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting 2006
Investigators: Mahncke HW, Belfor N
Research Institution: Posit Science	Study Size: 265
Results/Implications: Posit Science training improves performance on the Token Test.
Status: Complete	Keywords: Healthy aging
Study Materials: Poster

Study: Auditory Speed of Processing Study
Presentation: Presented at Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting 2006
Investigators: Hardy J, Trujillo M
Research Institution: Posit Science	Study Size: 23
Results/Implications:
Status: Complete	Keywords: Healthy aging
Study Materials:

Study: Visual Speed of Processing Study
Presentation: Presented at Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting 2006
Investigators: Hardy J, Delahunt P
Research Institution: Posit Science	Study Size: 4
Results/Implications: Posit Science training speeds up visual processing in older adults.
Status: Complete	Keywords: Healthy aging, vision
Study Materials: Poster

Study: Everyday Cognition Study
Presentation:
Investigators: Mahncke H, Spina L
Research Institution: Posit Science	Study Size: 23
Results/Implications: Posit Science training speeds up visual processing in older adults.
Status: Complete	Keywords: Healthy aging
Study Materials:

Study: Brain-Plasticity-Based Cognitive Training for the Boomer Generation (Boomer Study)
Presentation:
Investigators: Mahncke H
Research Institution: Posit Science	Study Size: 10
Results/Implications:
Status: Complete	Keywords: Healthy aging
Study Materials:

Study: Mental Activity and Exercise (MAX)
Presentation:
Investigators: Barnes D
Research Institution: University of California at San Francisco	Study Size: 300
Results/Implications:
Status: Ongoing	Keywords: Healthy aging
Study Materials:

Study: Maintaining High Cognitive Functioning Among Urban African American Elders Using a Computer-Based Brain Enhancement Program
Presentation:
Investigators: McCallum, T
Research Institution: Case Western Reserve University	Study Size: 80
Results/Implications:
Status: Complete	Keywords: Healthy aging
Study Materials: Abstract 1, Abstract 2

Study: Quality of Life and Psychosocial Functioning in Residual Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Presentation:
Investigators: Bailey W
Research Institution: University of Arkansas	Study Size: 15
Results/Implications:
Status: Ongoing	Keywords: Healthy aging
Study Materials:

Conditions

Mild Cognitive Impairment

Study: Computer-Based Therapy for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI Study)
Presentation: Presented at the 58th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Neurology
Investigators: Kramer J, Yaffe K, Barnes D, Reed B, DeCarli C, Gabrieli J, Rosen A
Research Institution: University of California at San Francisco, Stanford, UC Davis	Study Size: 36
Results/Implications: Posit Science training helps MCI patients maintain cognitive functioning.
Status: Complete, Manuscript in Progress	Keywords: Mild Cognitive Impairment
Study Materials: Poster, Abstract

Study: An Auditory Perceptual Approach to Cognitive Training in MCI: An fMRI Study
Presentation:
Investigators: Rosen A, Sugiura L, Belfor N, Kramer J, Wagner A, Gabrieli J
Research Institution: Stanford University	Study Size: 6
Results/Implications: The effects of Posit Science training are seen in fMRI brain images.
Status: Complete	Keywords: Mild Cognitive Impairment, Biomarkers
Study Materials: Poster

Study: A Clinical Treatment Strategy to Assess the Efficacy of Memory Improvement Strategies in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)
Presentation:
Investigators: Ellison J, Davidoff D
Research Institution: Harvard McLean Hospital	Study Size: 16
Results/Implications:
Status: Ongoing	Keywords: Mild Cognitive Impairment
Study Materials:

Alzheimer's Disease

Study: Computer-Based Training for Mild Alzheimer’s Disease: Auditory Training Pilot Study
Presentation:
Investigators: Kramer J
Research Institution: University of California at San Francisco	Study Size: 6
Results/Implications:
Status: Ongoing; Manuscript submitted to the Journal of the International Neuropsychology Society (JINS), Manuscript in preparation for NeuroImage	Keywords: Alzheimer's Disease
Study Materials:

Study: AD-AChEI
Presentation:
Investigators: Choi J, Bell M
Research Institution: Yale School of Medicine	Study Size: 60
Results/Implications: Posit Science training shows promise in helping patients with early Alzheimer's disease retain cognitive function.
Status: Ongoing	Keywords: Alzheimer's Disease
Study Materials: Poster

Schizophrenia

Study: Cognitive Research in Schizophrenia (CRIS Study)
Presentation:
Investigators: Vinogradov S
Research Institution: UCSF Medical Center	Study Size: 80
Results/Implications:
Status: Complete, Manuscript in Progress	Keywords: Schizophrenia, Biomarkers
Study Materials: Poster

Study: Combined Cognitive Remediation and Vocational Therapies
Presentation:
Investigators: Wexler B
Research Institution: Yale New Haven Medical Center	Study Size: 80
Results/Implications:
Status: Ongoing	Keywords: Schizophrenia
Study Materials:

Study: Improving Task Engagement in Schizophrenia
Presentation:
Investigators: Choi J, Bell M
Research Institution: Yale School of Medicine	Study Size: 18
Results/Implications:
Status: Ongoing	Keywords: Schizophrenia
Study Materials:

Chemobrain

Study: Effects on Health-Related Quality of Life in Individuals with "Chemobrain" Using a Brain-Plasticity-Based Training Program
Presentation:
Investigators: Kim SJ, Stasio C, Spina L
Research Institution: Posit Science	Study Size: 18
Results/Implications: Posit Science training significantly improves self-reported quality of life outcomes in breast cancer survivors who are experiencing chemobrain.
Status: Ongoing	Keywords: Chemobrain
Study Materials: Poster

Study: Brain-Plasticity-Based Cognitive Training in Patients with Post Chemotherapy Cognitive Impairment, Pilot Study
Presentation:
Investigators: Henderson T
Research Institution: University of Toronto	Study Size: 5
Results/Implications:
Status: Ongoing	Keywords: Chemobrain
Study Materials:

Study: Brain-Plasticity-Based Cognitive Training in Cancer Survivors with Self-Reported Memory Impairment
Presentation:
Investigators: Henderson T
Research Institution: University of Toronto	Study Size: 30
Results/Implications:
Status: Ongoing	Keywords: Chemobrain
Study Materials:

HIV

Study: Computer-based Cognitive Rehabilitation in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Impairment: A Case Study
Presentation: Presented at the 36th Annual International Neuropsychological Society Meeting
Investigators: Spina L, Pansarasa C, Borrow J, Stasio C, Mahncke HW
Research Institution: Posit Science	Study Size: 1
Results/Implications: Posit Science training shows promise in helping people with HIV-related cognitive impairment.
Status: Complete	Keywords: HIV
Study Materials:

Lyme Disease

Study: Computer-Based Cognitive Rehabilitation For Lyme Disease: An Initial Case Study
Presentation: Presented at the International Lyme and Associated Diseases Conference October 2006
Investigators: Borrow J, Kim SJ, Spina L, Stasio C, Mahncke HW
Research Institution: Posit Science	Study Size: 1
Results/Implications: Posit Science training shows promise in helping people cognitive impairments related to Lyme disease.
Status: Complete	Keywords: Lyme Disease
Study Materials: Poster

Biomarkers

Study: Computer-Based Cognitive Training in Normal Healthy Aging: Pilot Study of Behavioral and Physiological Effects of Visual Sweeps Training Exercise
Presentation:
Investigators: Gazzaley A
Research Institution: UCSF Medical Center	Study Size: 50
Results/Implications: The primary study objective is to evaluate the effects of Posit Science training on the visual attention, memory, and speed of processing abilities of healthy aging adults.
Status: Ongoing	Keywords: Biomarkers
Study Materials:

Study: Blood Neurotrophic Factors in Adults Undergoing Brain-Plasticity-Based Cognitive Training
Presentation:
Investigators: Wolkowitz O, Mellon S, Mahncke HW
Research Institution: UCSF Medical Center	Study Size: 60
Results/Implications:
Status: Ongoing	Keywords: Biomarkers
Study Materials:

Study: In Event-Related Brain Dynamics Following Master Gardener Training
Presentation:
Investigators: Makeig S
Research Institution: University of California at San Diego	Study Size: 50
Results/Implications: The study objective is to correlate changes in behavioral performance with changes in brain function following ten hours of Posit Science training.
Status: Ongoing	Keywords: Biomarkers
Study Materials:

The Best-Studied Programs in Cognitive Training. Period.

Posit Science programs and technology have been subjected to more rigorous clinical trials with researchers at more universities than any other cognitive training program in the world. And the results are impressive. Click here to see a complete list of studies and publications.